Abstract
This paper aims to investigate the relationship between social media marketing activity and visit intention to Seoul, South Korea, among Indonesian travelers. A total of 246 questionnaires were distributed to respondents in Indonesia. Social media marketing activity represented the independent variable and was mediated by destination image, destination attitude, destination awareness, and perceived value. Visit intention represents the dependent variable. Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) is a statistical method used to analyze complex interrelationships between observed and latent variables. This finding indicates that the indirect impact of social media marketing activity on visit intention via the mediating factors of destination attitude and destination image is not statistically significant. The indirect effect of destination awareness and perceived value characteristics on social media marketing activity and visit intention is favorable and statistically significant. This is the first paper to investigate the relationship between social media marketing activity and visit intention in Seoul among Indonesian travelers. Moreover, this is a relatively new issue that remains largely undiscovered by researchers worldwide. This paper will help to emphasize its importance and implications for business decisions.
References
- Abbasi, G. A., Kumaravelu, J., Goh, Y.-N., & Singh, K. S. D. (2021). Understanding the intention to revisit a destination by expanding the theory of planned behaviour (TPB). Spanish Journal of Marketing-ESIC, 25(2), 282–311. https://doi.org/10.1108/SJME-12-2019-0109
- Adeyinka-Ojo, S., & Abdullah, S. K. (2021). Social media marketing in rural hospitality and tourism destination research. University of South Florida M3 Center Publishing, 5(2021), 11.
- Agapito, D., Oom do Valle, P., & da Costa Mendes, J. (2013). The cognitive-affective-conative model of destination image: A confirmatory analysis. Journal of Travel & Tourism Marketing, 30(5), 471–481. https://doi.org/10.1080/10548408.2013.803393
- Ai, J., Lv, X., & Gursoy, D. (2020). Impact of social media posts on travelers’ attitudes and behaviors towards a destination after a natural disaster: moderating role of the source of the post. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 1–19. https://doi.org/10.1080/09669582.2020.1831002
- Ajina, A. S. (2019). The perceived value of social media marketing: An empirical study of online word-of-mouth in Saudi Arabian context. Entrepreneurship and Sustainability Issues, 6(3), 1512. https://doi.org/10.9770/jesi.2019.6.3(32)
- Ajzen, I. (1989). Attitude structure and behavior (pp. 241–274).
- Ajzen, I. (1991). The Theory of Planned Behavior. https://doi.org/10.1016/0749-5978(91)90020-T
- Al Mahroofa, M., & Al Hamdiya, M. (2018). A Study on Social Media Marketing. Management, 6(S1), 210–214.
- Alsoud, M., Alfdool, S., Trawnih, A., Helalat, A., Al-Mu’ani, L., & Mahrakani, N. (2023). Social media marketing activities and tourists’ purchase intention. 7, 677–686. https://doi.org/10.5267/j.ijdns.2023.3.004
- Alsoud, M., Alfdool, S., Trawnih, A., Helalat, A., & Mahrakani, N. (2023). Social media marketing activities and tourists’ purchase intention. International Journal of Data and Network Science, 7(2), 677–686. https://doi.org/10.5267/j.ijdns.2023.3.004
- Amin, S., & Tarun, M. T. (2019). Enhancing green hotel visit intention: role of green perceived value, perceived consumer effectiveness and environmental knowledge. International Business Research, 12(5), 123–132. https://doi.org/10.5539/ibr.v12n5p123
- Andersen, O., Øian, H., Aas, Ø., & Tangeland, T. (2018). Affective and cognitive dimensions of ski destination images. The case of Norway and the Lillehammer region. Scandinavian Journal of Hospitality and Tourism, 18(2), 113–131. https://doi.org/10.1080/15022250.2017.1318715
- Anguera-Torrell, O., Vives-Perez, J., & Aznar-Alarcón, J. P. (2021). Urban tourism performance index over the COVID-19 pandemic. International Journal of Tourism Cities. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJTC-09-2020-0206
- Ayeh, J. K., Au, N., & Law, R. (2013). “Do we believe in TripAdvisor?” Examining credibility perceptions and online travelers’ attitude toward using user-generated content. Journal of Travel Research, 52(4), 437–452. https://doi.org/10.1177/0047287512475217
- Baber, R., & Baber, P. (2022). Influence of social media marketing efforts, e-reputation and destination image on intention to visit among tourists: application of S-O-R model. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Insights, ahead-of-print(ahead-of-print). https://doi.org/10.1108/JHTI-06-2022-0270
- Bagozzi, R. P., Yi, Y., & Phillips, L. W. (1991). Assessing construct validity in organizational research. Administrative Science Quarterly, 421–458. https://doi.org/10.2307/2393203
- Baloglu, S. (2014). An empirical investigation of attitude theory for tourist destinations: A comparison of visitors and non-visitors.
- Baloglu, S., & McCleary, K. W. (1999). US international pleasure travelers’ images of four Mediterranean destinations: A comparison of visitors and nonvisitors. Journal of Travel Research, 38(2), 144–152. https://doi.org/10.1177/004728759903800207
- Bansal, R., Masood, R., & Dadhich, V. (2014). Social Media Marketing-A Tool of Innovative Marketing. Journal of Organizational Management, ISSN: 2321-7228, 3.
- Basit, A., Nurlukman, A. D., & Kosasih, A. (2020). The Effect of social media destination branding: the use of facebook and instagram. Tarumanagara International Conference on the Applications of Social Sciences and Humanities (TICASH 2019), 23–27. https://doi.org/10.2991/assehr.k.200515.005
- Baumgartner, H., Weijters, B., & Pieters, R. (2021). The biasing effect of common method variance: Some clarifications. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 49, 221–235. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11747-020-00766-8
- Beerli, A., & Martin, J. D. (2004). Factors influencing destination image. Annals of Tourism Research, 31(3), 657–681. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annals.2004.01.010
- Bernardi, M. (2018). Millennials, sharing economy and tourism: the case of Seoul. Journal of Tourism Futures, 4(1), 43–56. https://doi.org/10.1108/JTF-12-2017-0055
- Bock, K. (2015). The changing nature of city tourism and its possible implications for the future of cities. European Journal of Futures Research, 3(1), 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40309-015-0078-5
- Buhalis, D. (2000). Marketing the competitive destination of the future. Tourism Management, 21(1), 97–116. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0261-5177(99)00095-3
- Bushara, M. A., Abdou, A. H., Hassan, T. H., Sobaih, A. E. E., Albohnayh, A. S. M., Alshammari, W. G., Aldoreeb, M., Elsaed, A. A., & Elsaied, M. A. (2023). Power of Social Media Marketing: How Perceived Value Mediates the Impact on Restaurant Followers’ Purchase Intention,Willingness to Pay a Premium Price, and E-WoM? Sustainability, 15(6), 5331. https://doi.org/10.3390/su15065331
- Byon, K. K., & Zhang, J. J. (2010). Development of a scale measuring destination image. Marketing Intelligence and Planning, 28(4), 508–532. https://doi.org/10.1108/02634501011053595
- Cantallops, A. S., & Salvi, F. (2014). New consumer behavior: A review of research on eWOM and hotels. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 36, 41–51. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhm.2013.08.007
- Cardoso, I. B. F., & Ruiz, T. C. D. (2021). Smart Tourism Destinations-A case study of Seoul, South Korea. Applied Tourism, 6(1), 36–44. https://doi.org/10.14210/at.v6n1.p36-44
- Carvalho, M. A. M. (2022). Factors affecting future travel intentions: awareness, image, past visitation and risk perception. International Journal of Tourism Cities, 8(3), 761–778. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJTC-11-2021-0219
- Chen, C.-C., Lai, Y.-H., & Petrick, J. F. (2016). The Discriminant Effect of Perceived Value on Travel Intention: Visitor vs. on-Visitors.
- Chen, S.-C., & Lin, C.-P. (2019). Understanding the effect of social media marketing activities: The mediation of social identification, perceived value, and satisfaction. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 140, 22–32. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2018.11.025
- Chi, K., & Phuong, V. (2021). Studying tourist intention on city tourism: the role of travel motivation. International Journal of Tourism Cities, ahead-of-print. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJTC-03-2021-0042
- Chi, T., & Kilduff, P. P. D. (2011). Understanding consumer perceived value of casual sportswear: An empirical study. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 18(5), 422–429. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jretconser.2011.06.004
- Chu, Q., Bao, G., & Sun, J. (2022). Progress and Prospects of Destination Image Research in the Last Decade. In Sustainability (Switzerland) (Vol. 14, Issue 17). MDPI. https://doi.org/10.3390/su141710716
- Çınar, K., Kavacık, S. Z., Bişkin, F., & Çınar, M. (2022). Understanding the Behavioral Intentions about Holidays in the Shadow of the COVID-19 Pandemic: Application of Protection Motivation Theory. Healthcare, 10(9), 1623. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare10091623
- Cocosila, M., & Igonor, A. (2012). Perceived value of social media: An empirical investigation.
- Dai, F., Wang, D., & Kirillova, K. (2022). Travel inspiration in tourist decision making. Tourism Management, 90, 104484. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2021.104484
- De Klerk, B., & Haarhoff, R. (2019). Destination South Africa: Analysis of destination awareness and image by international visitors.
- Dedeoğlu, B. B., Taheri, B., Okumus, F., & Gannon, M. (2020). Understanding the importance that consumers attach to social media sharing (ISMS): Scale development and validation. Tourism Management, 76, 103954. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2019.103954
- Dedeoğlu, B. B., Van Niekerk, M., Küçükergin, K. G., De Martino, M., & Okumuş, F. (2020). Effect of social media sharing on destination brand awareness and destination quality. Journal of Vacation Marketing, 26(1), 33–56. https://doi.org/10.1177/1356766719858644
- Djafarova, E., & Andersen, H. C. (2008). The contribution of figurative devices to representation of tourism images. Journal of Vacation Marketing, 14(4), 291–303. https://doi.org/10.1177/1356766708094751
- Ervina, E., & Octaviany, V. (2022). The Role of Tourist Attitude Toward Destination Awareness, Destination Personality And Future Visit İntention. APMBA (Asia Pacific Management and Business Application), 11(1), 1–20. https://doi.org/10.21776/ub.apmba.2022.011.01.1
- Fardous, J., Du, J. T., Hansen, P., Choo, K.-K. R., & Huang, S. (2021). Group trip planning and information seeking behaviours by mobile social media users: a study of tourists in Australia, Bangladesh and China. Journal of Information Science, 47(3), 323–339. https://doi.org/10.1177/0165551519890515
- Fedoryshyna, L., Halachenko, O., Ohiienko, A., Blyznyuk, A., Znachek, R., & Tsurkan, N. (2021). Digital marketing in strategic management in the field of the tourism. Journal of Information Technology Management, 13(Special Issue: Role of ICT in Advancing Business and Management), 22–41.
- Fishbein, M., & Ajzen, I. (1977). Belief, attitude, intention, and behavior: An introduction to theory and research.
- Gaffar, V., Tjahjono, B., Abdullah, T., & Sukmayadi, V. (2022). Like, tag and share: bolstering social media marketing to improve intention to visit a nature-based tourism destination. Tourism Review, 77(2), 451–470. https://doi.org/10.1108/TR-05-2020-0215
- Gallarza, M. G., & Saura, I. G. (2006). Value dimensions, perceived value, satisfaction and loyalty: An investigation of university students’ travel behaviour. Tourism Management, 27(3), 437–452. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2004.12.002
- Garcia Henche, B. (2018). Urban experiential tourism marketing. Journal of Tourism Analysis: Revista de Análisis Turístico, 25(1), 2–22. https://doi.org/10.1108/JTA-01-2018-0002
- Ghorbanzadeh, D., Zakieva, R. R., Kuznetsova, M., Ismael, A. M., & Ahmed, A. A. A. (2022). Generating destination brand awareness and image through the firm’s social media. Kybernetes, ahead-of-print(ahead-of-print). https://doi.org/10.1108/K-09-2021-0931
- Happy Manurung, Hafferson, & Astini, R. (2020). The Influence of Destination Awareness, Destination Image and Destination Experience on Travel Decision to Baduy Cultural Tourist Destination, Banten. Saudi Journal of Business and Management Studies, 5(10), 512–516. https://doi.org/10.36348/sjbms.2020.v05i10.002
- Hassan, S. B., & Soliman, M. (2021). COVID-19 and repeat visitation: Assessing the role of destination social responsibility, destination reputation, holidaymakers’ trust and fear arousal.
- Journal of Destination Marketing & Management, 19, 100495. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdmm.2020.100495
- Hays, S., Page, S. J., & Buhalis, D. (2013). Social media as a destination marketing tool: its use by national tourism organisations. Current Issues in Tourism, 16(3), 211–239.
- Heinonen, K. (2022). Time and Location as Customer Perceived Value Drivers Customer dominant logic View project Design of Multichannel Services View project. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/50231268
- Hennessey, S. M., Yun, D., & Macdonald, R. (2016). Determinants of Travel Intentions to a eighboring Destination. https://scholarworks.umass.edu/ttra/2010/Oral/16
- Hidayat, A. R., & Alifah, N. (2022). Marketing Communication Strategy for Coffee Through Digital Marketing. Return: Study of Management, Economic and Business, 1(04), 139–144. https://doi.org/10.57096/return.v1i04.54
- Husain, S., Ghufran, A., & Chaubey, D. S. (2016). Relevance of social media in marketing and advertising. Splint International Journal of Professionals, 3(7), 21–28.
- Jamil, K., Dunnan, L., Gul, R. F., Shehzad, M. U., Gillani, S. H. M., & Awan, F. H. (2022). Role of social media marketing activities in influencing customer intentions: a perspective of a new emerging era. Frontiers in Psychology, 12, 6464. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.808525
- Jenkins, O. H. (1999). Understanding and measuring tourist destination images. International Journal of Tourism Research, 1(1), 1–15. https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1522-1970(199901/02)1:1<1::AID-JTR143>3.0.CO;2-L
- Jeong, C., & Holland, S. (2012). Destination image saturation. Journal of Travel & Tourism Marketing, 29(6), 501–519. https://doi.org/10.1080/10548408.2012.701162
- Jiang, X., Qin, J., Gao, J., & Gossage, M. G. (2022). How Tourists’ Perception Affects Travel Intention: Mechanism Pathways and Boundary Conditions. Frontiers in Psychology, 13. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.821364
- Joseph F Hair, William C. Black, Barry J. Babin, & Rolph E. Anderson. (2010). Multivariate Data Analysis. 7.
- Junaedi, S., & Harjanto, J. (2020). Examining the Effect of Destination Awareness, Destination Image, Tourist Motivation, and Word of Mouth on Tourists’ Intention to Revisit. In W. A. Barnett & B. S. Sergi (Eds.), Advanced Issues in the Economics of Emerging Markets (Vol.27, pp. 27–38). Emerald Publishing Limited. https://doi.org/10.1108/S1571-038620200000027003
- Kanwel, S., Lingqiang, Z., Asif, M., Hwang, J., Hussain, A., & Jameel, A. (2019a). The influence of destination image on tourist loyalty and intention to visit: Testing a multiple mediation approach. Sustainability (Switzerland), 11(22). https://doi.org/10.3390/su11226401
- Kasim, H., Abdurachman, E., Furinto, A., & Kosasih, W. (2019). Social network for the choice of tourist destination: attitude and behavioral intention. Management Science Letters, 9(13), 2415–2420. https://doi.org/10.5267/j.msl.2019.7.014
- Kawade, M. P., & Dahivale, R. P. (2020). A study of effect social media marketing on consumer purchase intentions. National Journal of Research In Marketing, Finance & HRM, 66.
- Khan, M. Y. H., & Abir, T. (2022). The role of social media marketing in the tourism and hospitality industry: A conceptual study on Bangladesh. In ICT as Innovator between Tourism and Culture (pp. 213–229). IGI Global. https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-8165-0.ch013
- Kim, S.-E., Lee, K. Y., Shin, S., & Yang, S.-B. (2017). Effects of tourism information quality in social media on destination image formation: The case of Sina Weibo. Information & Management, 54. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.im.2017.02.009
